Showing posts with label India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label India. Show all posts

Friday, June 19, 2015

Uncovered: Pandyas-Romans trade link


http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/archaeological-excavation-in-sivaganga-uncovers-pandyaroman-trade-links/article7328683.ece

An excavation in Keezhadi, Sivaganga district, has thrown up a wealth of information on the floruishing Pandya trade with the west.

An ongoing excavation of a Sangam period habitation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is poised to throw more light on the flourishing trade of the Pandyas with the west and their rich culture, which was the envy of the Romans.

The Bengaluru-based Excavation Branch VI of the ASI has taken up the excavation at Keezhadi village, 12 km south east of Madurai, in Sivaganga district.

Into the third month, the exercise has already thrown up very interesting antiquities – glass/pearl/terracotta beads; terracotta figurines; grooved roof tiles and early historic pottery.

“This is the ASI’s major excavation in Tamil Nadu after Adichanallur,” says K. Amarnath Ramakrishnan, Superintending Archaeologist and director of the current excavation.

It was found to possess archaeological wealth “that may provide crucial evidence to understand the missing links of Iron Age to early historic period and subsequent cultural developments.”

The excavation area, a mound, referred to as ‘Pallichandai Thidal,’ has a circumference of 3.5 km and spans 80 acres. It is contiguous to ancient settlements like Konthagai and Manalur. “We chose the mound raising about one to 2.5 metres above the ground level as it is relatively undisturbed,” says Mr. Amarnath. “We have found the finest variety of black and red ware bowls at the site,” says M. Rajesh, assistant archaeologist.

The most interesting findings in the 32 quadrants dug up so far are the damaged brick structures, including walls. The bricks are unique to early historic period and they measure 33 cm in length, 21 cm in breadth and five cm in height.

Noted epigraphist and domain expert for the excavation, V. Vedachalam, attributes the age of the remains to third century BCE to third CE. “The earthenware contains Tamil Brahmi script. The black and red pottery belongs to the Sangam period. The bricks belong to early historic period and similar ones were found in Kaviripoompattinam, Woriyur, Alagankulam and Korkai,” he says.

The Roman ware found at the site supplement the historical references to a flourishing trade between the Pandya kingdom and the Roman Empire. Historically, these settlements would have been part of Kuntidevi Chaturvedimangalam, named after a Pandya queen.

The first major excavation of a habitation undertaken by the ASI in south Tamil Nadu will go into 2016. “The Director (Exploration and Excavation), ASI, Syed Jamal Hasan, who visited the site on May 15, was impressed with the findings,” says Mr. Amarnath.

The ASI is likely to extend the period of excavation by a year. The final report will be released after corroborating the antiquities with existing evidence and conducting various scientific analyses.

Research scholars from the University of Madras and Government Arts College, Krishnagiri, assist the ASI team in the excavation.

Monday, August 25, 2014

CRIME , CASTE & CHRISTIAN EUROPE.




I  caution that some if not all might experience “COGNITIVE  DISSONANCE” after reading this posting. In psychology, cognitive dissonance is the mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values.(Wikipedia)

All along we had been taught that CASTE is an excrescence of Hindu India, and that the civilizing mission of the White-men & their religion, had extricated the masses from the dark depths to which they had sunk. With such propaganda, the gullible among  us are even now thinking that the ‘colonizers” had “SAVED” us by putting in place law & order, new social institutions, infrastructure  & DEMOCRACY, which we understand now are proving to be tenuous.

At one point of time, the men doing research on  crime in England, had toyed with the idea of introducing the CASTE SYSTEM  in Europe. Such was the effectiveness of Caste in maintaining a peaceful social order. Since it posed a barrier to conversion, the Missionaries started maligning that institution, and it was later on taken up by Leftists, Reformers, Ambedkarites etc. Daily in newspaper reports, we see condemnation of caste indirectly & directly.

The following passage from the book “Crime & Its Causes” is very informative.

Quote : “Those remarks of Sir William Hunter afford an insight into the coercive power exercised by the caste system on the Indian population. Without that system it is probable that the criminal statistics of India would present as high a proportion of crimes of violence and blood as now exists among the peoples of Southern Europe. But with that system in active operation, the evil influence of climate is completely neutralized and India at the present moment enjoys a remarkable immunity from violent crime. With the example of India before us we are justified in coming to the conclusion that homicide and crimes of a kindred nature need not necessarily be the malign products of climate. Whatever climate has to do with fostering these offences may be obviated by a better form of social organization. It would be ridiculous to dream of basing western society upon Indian models; but at the same time India teaches us a lesson on the construction of the social fabric which it would be well to learn. The tendency of western civilization at the present time is to herd vast masses of men into huge industrial centres. It is useless discussing the abstract question whether this is a good thing or a bad; we must reconcile ourselves to the fact that it is a process forced upon communities by the necessities of modern industrialism; and we must accordingly make the best of it. In our efforts to make the best of present tendencies, and to render them as innocuous as possible to social welfare, there is one point at least where India is able to teach us an instructive lesson. In India a man seldom becomes, what he too often is, in all our large cities, a mere lonely, isolated unit, left entirely to the mercy of his own impulses, constrained by no social circle of any description, and unsustained by the pressure of any public opinion for which he has the least regard. In India he is always a member of some fraternity within the community; in that fraternity or caste he feels at home; he is never isolated; he belongs to a circle which is not too big for his individuality to be lost; he is known; he has a reputation and a status to maintain; his life within the caste is shaped for him by caste usages and traditions, and for these he is taught to entertain the deepest reverence. Caste is in many of its aspects a state in miniature within the state; in this capacity it performs a variety of admirable functions of which the state itself is and must always remain incapable.”



All Excerpts From
William Douglas Morrison. “Crime and Its Causes.” iBooks. (Pages 56 -7of 231 )- First Published in 1891, by London Swan Sonnenschein & Co., LIM. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. William Douglas Morrison had worked in H.M.Prison, Wandsworth.

Thursday, August 14, 2014

EBOLA & UNTOUCHABILITY - TIME TO RECONSIDER THE CRASS ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT & CONDEMNATION OF UNTOUCHABILITY

 

Prevention  of  (spread of) epidemics and  communicable diseases were built into  the social life in India . Communities are prone to certain diseases due to their customs and manners. eg food-habits. 'Knowledgeable Indians' in the upper echelons, allowed other castes and communities to pursue their own lives without restraint, but conforming to the general and accepted social customs. They had devised a brilliant template, in which all types of  communities could be accommodated. They did not butcher/exterminate those who did not conform to their own highly REFINED lifestyles.This is quite unlike the happenings in N.America, where White Colonists, assuming themselves to be superior, exterminated   the native Red-Indians there.  Contrasted to this, in India, it was a policy of live and let live. Despite such humanistic attitude, members of the so called 'upper-castes'  are subjected to negative portrayal in the name of CASTE & UNTOUCHABILITY.

Untouchability was essential in 'those' times to preserve self, family and community. Refer http://msradha.blogspot.in/2014/05/untouchability-fully-justified-was.html Or imagine a situation where the men wielding knowledge and power  forcing the  various 'non-refined' (non-Sanskritised) castes into 'REFORMATION' camps, and teaching them habits of cleanliness and hygiene   by the use of  FORCE. Since they were 'knowledgeable' and imbibed with wisdom, they did did not resort to such inhuman tactics.Further  fully realizing the impracticability of VIOLENT methods,  some made their own enclaves to live their refined lives unhindered and at times zealously guarding such spaces. (eg. Agrahara).

Ultimately, we have to take charge of our own lives.That is what the pandemic EBOLA reminds us. Neither the State nor SCIENCE can guarantee protection against such DEADLY  micro-organisms, the knowledge of which is NOT fully grasped by modern science. In the Atharva-Veda, there is awareness of disease causing organisms, seen & unseen (Drishtam & Adirshtam). That may be  one reason why the learned-men were careful & selective  in their social intercourse. 

N.B- Those who are freely willing, without any second thoughts to share their tooth-brush , with kith & kin may condemn this post.

 Ebola: the return of cordon sanitaire

Donald G. Mcneil Jr.

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa is so out of control that governments there have revived a disease-fighting tactic not used in nearly a century: the “ cordon sanitaire ,” in which a line is drawn around the infected area, and no one is allowed out.
Cordons, common in the medieval era of the Black Death, have not been seen since the border between Poland and the Soviet Union was closed in 1918 to stop typhus from spreading west. They have the potential to become brutal and inhumane. Centuries ago, in their most extreme form, everyone within the boundaries was left to die or survive, until the outbreak ended.
Plans for the new cordon were announced August 1 at an emergency meeting in Conakry, Guinea, of the Mano River Union, a regional association of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, the three countries hardest hit by Ebola, according to Agence France-Presse. The plan was to isolate a triangular area where the three countries meet, separated only by porous borders, and where 70 per cent of the cases known at that time had been found.
Officials at the World Health Organisation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which have experts advising the countries, say the tactic could help contain the outbreak but want to see it used humanely. Experts said that any cordon must let food, water and medical care reach those inside, and that the trust of inhabitants must be won through communication with their leaders.
The phrase cordon sanitaire , or sanitary barrier, appears to date from 1821, when France sent 30,000 troops into the Pyrenees to stop a lethal fever raging in Spain from crossing the border.
In Sierra Leone, large sections of the Kailahun and Kenema districts, an area the size of Jamaica, have been cut off by military roadblocks.
Inside the cordoned area of Sierra Leone and Liberia, alarmed residents have told reporters that they fear starving because food prices are rising. It is not clear whether plans to deliver food, water and care are under way. — New York Times News Service
 
Cordons, common in the medieval era of the Black Death, have not been seen since 1918

Tuesday, May 6, 2014

ABOUT INDIANS/INDIA BY A GERMAN LADY !!!!!

INDIAN SECULARISM IS NOT SECULAR

May 2, 2014  · by mariawirthblog · in Uncategorized · 81 Comments 
For years I did not know what opportunities to practice equanimity I had missed, till I finally got a TV set some 3 years ago. In the beginning, I certainly did not remain calm under all circumstances. What intense emotions in just an hour of listening to panelists on the news channels! However, slowly I learned to sit back. I could admire the quick-wittedness and the amazing ability to talk or rather shout while listening.

These anchors and panelists are no doubt intelligent, nevertheless their choice of topics is often pathetic, and they get some points consistently wrong. One such point is ‘secular’ or ‘secularism’. Since secularism is mentioned daily in Indian media and since it is a western ‘invention’, I would like to put it into perspective:
Contrary to the general perception in India, secular is not the opposite of communal. Communal as such is not objectionable either. It simply means ‘pertaining to a community’. In Germany, elections to local bodies are called “communal elections” (Kommunalwahlen).

Secular means worldly and is opposite to ‘religious’. Now ‘religious’ in this context refers to Christianity, i.e. to a well-organized, dogmatic religion that claims that it is the sole keeper of the ‘truth’, which God himself has revealed to his Church.
And what is this revealed truth? In short: the human being is born in sin, which dates back originally to Adam and Eve. But fortunately, some 2000 years ago, God had mercy on humanity and sent his only son Jesus Christ to earth to redeem us by dying for our sins on the cross, then rising from the dead and going back to his father up in heaven. However to be able to get the benefit of Jesus’ sacrifice, one must be baptized and become a member of the Church, otherwise one will be singled out for eternal hell on Judgment Day.

Understandably, such claims did not appeal to those who used their brains, but for many centuries they had to keep quiet or risk their lives.  The reason was that for long the Church was intertwined with the state, and  harsh laws made sure that people did not question the ‘revealed truth’. Heresy was punished with torture and death. Even in faraway Goa, after Francis Xavier called the Inquisition to this colony, unspeakable brutality was committed against Indians. In many Muslim countries till today, leaving Islam is punishable by death.

Significantly, those centuries, when Church and State were intertwined, when the clergy prospered and the faithful sheep suffered are called the dark ages. And the time when the Church was forced to loosen its grip, is called the age of enlightenment, which started only some 350 years ago. Scientific discoveries, which could no longer be brushed under the carpet, played a crucial role for showing the Church her place. Now, more Europeans dared to oppose the stranglehold of religion. Many went to prison for doing so.

Slowly, the idea that reason, and not blind belief in a ‘revealed truth’, should guide society, took root and this lead to the demand for separation between state and Church. Such separation is called secularism. It is a recent phenomenon in the west.

Today, most western democracies are ‘secular’, i.e. the Church cannot push her agenda through state power, though most western democracies still grant Christianity preferential treatment. For example in Germany, the Constitution guarantees that the Christian doctrine is taught in government schools. Further, the Churches have retained special labour laws that make it obligatory for Church employees (alone in Germany over one million) to conform to Christian norms. Nevertheless, the present situation is a huge improvement over the dark ages when one had to pretend to believe unbelievable dogmas.

In India, however, the situation was different. Here, the dominant faith of the Indian people never had a power centre that dictated unreasonable dogmas and needed to be propped up by the state. Their faith was based on insights of the Rishis and on reason, intuition and direct experience. It expressed itself freely in a multitude of ways. Their faith was about trust and reverence for the One Source of all life. It was about doing the right thing at the right time according to one’s conscience. It was about The Golden Rule: not to do to others what one does not want to be done to oneself. It was about having noble thoughts. It was about how to live life in an ideal way.

However, this open atmosphere changed when Islam and Christianity entered India. Indians, who good naturedly considered the whole world as family, were despised, ridiculed and under Muslim rule killed in big numbers only because they were ‘Hindus’ (which is basically a geographical term). Indians did not realise that dogmatic religions were very different from their own, ancient Dharma. For the first time they were confronted with merciless killing in the name of God. Voltaire, who fought the stranglehold of the Church in Europe, had accurately observed, “Those who can make you believe absurdities, can make you commit atrocities”.

Guru Nanak left a testimony how bad the situation was, when he cried out in despair: “Having lifted Islam to the head, You have engulfed Hindustan in dread…. Such cruelty they have inflicted, and yet Your mercy remains unmoved…” (Granth Sahib, Mahla 1.360 quoted from Eminent Historians by Arun Shourie).

During Muslim rule Hindus had to lie low for fear of their lives, and during British rule they were ridiculed and despised by missionaries, and cut off from their tradition with the help of ‘education’ policies. Naturally, this took a toll on their self-esteem. In fact, till today, this low self-esteem especially in the English educated class is evident to outsiders, though it may not be so to the persons concerned. Swami Vivekananda’s efforts to give Hindus back their spine did not impact this class of people. Nevertheless, it is a great achievement that Hindu Dharma survived for so many centuries, whereas the west succumbed completely to Christianity and over 50 countries to Islam in a short span of time.

Coming back to secularism. Though Hindu Dharma survived and never dictated terms to the state, ‘secular’ was added to the Constitution of India in 1976. There might have been a reason, as since Independence, several non-secular decisions had been taken. For example, Muslim and Christian representatives had pushed for special civil laws and other benefits and got them.

However, after adding ‘secular’, the situation did not improve. In fact the government seemed almost eager to benefit specifically the dogmatic religions (for which secularism was coined) and occasionally had to be restrained in its eagerness by the courts.

This is inexplicable.  Why would ‘secular’ be added and then not acted upon? And the strangest thing: ‘secular’ got a new, specific Indian meaning. It means today: fostering those two big religions which have no respect for Hindus and whose dogmas condemn all of them to eternal hell.
It is a sad irony. Can you imagine the Jews honouring the Germans with preferential treatment instead of seeking compensation for the millions of Jews killed? Yet Islam and Christianity that have gravely harmed Indians over centuries get preferential treatment by the Indian state, and their own beneficial dharma that has no other home except the Indian subcontinent, is egged out. And to top it, this is called ‘secular’!

Obviously Indians have not learnt from the European experience. Hindus have not yet realized the intention of the dogmatic religions, though they say it openly: Finish off Hinduism from the face of the earth. Hindus still ‘respect’ them, though this respect is not and cannot be reciprocated as long as those religions claim that their God wants everyone to worship exclusively Him. Hindus don’t realize that an ideology that uses God as a front does not become sacred, but all the more dangerous.

Media and politicians do their best to muddy the water. They call parties that represent a religious group, ‘secular’, instead of ‘religious;’ which would be the correct term. When the state gives in to demands by the big religious bullies it is also (falsely of course) called ‘secular’. But WHY would the government do this? It clearly plays with fire. Does it want to give its citizens a firsthand experience of what the dark ages were like? In the interest of all Indians it would be wise for the state to simply ignore the powerful, dogmatic religions and focus on all its citizens equally. This means being ‘secular’.

However, western secular states are not role models either. There is a lot of depression, drug abuse, alcohol and people are generally not happy in spite of doing everything to ‘enjoy life’. Here, India has an advantage over the west. Her rishis have left a great heritage of valuable treatises not only dealing with how to live life in an ideal way, but also how to conduct economy, politics, management, etc. If those guidelines are considered, and if India becomes a state based on her ancient dharma, she has good chances to regain the lost glory as the wealthiest and most advanced country in the world whose citizen are open-minded and contented. If not, probably the west discovers this treasure trove and adopts it…..first.
by Maria Wirth
http://mariawirthblog.wordpress.com/2014/05/02/indian-secularism-is-not-secular/

Thursday, May 1, 2014

Bible and Caste Practices !!!????

Caste practices were prevalent during Bibilical Times !!!???? 

1.  Patriarch Abraham marries his half-sister , Sarah. (Genesis 20. 12. "Besides, she really is my sister, the daughter of my father though not of my mother; and she became my wife.")

2. The Patriarch deputing his oldest servant, making him swear by his (Abraham's) reproductive organs, (b..., no pun intended here), to "go to my country and my own relatives and get a wife for my son Isaac.” (Genesis 24  1-4)

3. Will life become miserable for parents if their son marries from another caste/tribe !!??- See Genesis 26:34 which provides one answer to the above question. "When Esau was forty years old he married Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite; 3and they brought grief (made life bitter for) to Isaac and Rebekah."

4. How a mother discusses with the father, regarding the marriage of the son, read Genesis 27:46." Then Rebekah said to Isaac, "I'm disgusted with living because of these Hittite women. If Jacob takes a wife from among the women of this land, from Hittite women like these, my life will not be worth living."

5. How the father proscribes the son from marrying outside the community- for this read Genesis 28: 1-2.  "So Isaac called Jacob and blessed him and charged him, and said to him, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan. 2“Arise, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother’s father; and from there take to yourself a wife from the daughters of Laban your mother’s brother."

6. The blessings and property/wealth /land are only for those who obey parents advise and marry from within the community. Read  Genesis 28 : 3,4 "“May God Almighty bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you, that you may become a company of peoples. “May He also give you the blessing of Abraham, to you and to your descendants with you, that you may possess the land of your sojournings, which God gave to Abraham.”

7. If you marry outside your community/caste/tribe, you will be utterly ruined. This is bound to create negative and destructive feelings. Read Esaus's ruinous experience , Genesis 27:30 -45.

8. So what is the ONLY solution !!?? - Realize your mistake of intermarrying, and correct the  mistake by marrying one belonging to own  community. Read Genesis 28: 6-9. "Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan-aram to take to himself a wife from there, and that when he blessed him he charged him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan,” and that Jacob had obeyed his father and his mother and had gone to Paddan-aram. So Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan displeased his father Isaac; and Esau went to Ishmael, and married, besides the wives that he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, the sister of Nebaioth."

9. Cleanliness vis-à-vis Uncleanliness, Defiling vis-à-vis Non Defiling- These are also attributed to Caste Practices.  Now let us look at the Commands Given by the Lord to Moses in this matter. Read Numbers 5: 1-4." Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “Command the sons of Israel that they send away from the camp every leper and everyone having a discharge and everyone who is unclean because of a dead person. “You shall send away both male and female; you shall send them outside the camp so that they will not defile their camp where I dwell in their midst.” The sons of Israel did so and sent them outside the camp; just as the LORD had spoken to Moses, thus the sons of Israel did."
 Why berate ONLY Caste/Hindus/India !!??? What to say in this matter, other than exclaim what Mathew had written - Matthew 7:5 "Hypocrite, first take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly how to remove the splinter from your brother's eye."

10. Some Bible Scholars have come to the conclusion that Moses after observing the caste laws in Egypt, recognized the good that resulted from it, adapted and perfected the system, which form the basis of the Mosaic Laws.

Missionaries were the first to unleash the campaign against Caste. They found caste to be an impediment in their strident efforts to CONVERT. By unleashing  vituperative propaganda against Caste, they were in-fact speaking and acting against the WORDS OF GOD IN THE BIBLE !!!! Now are they MEN OF GOD, working for God, or against GOD !!!???

Now in India, as per various modern articles which depicts its preservation of Caste, ain't the children of India, especially the Hindus, the real, obedient sons/daughters of GOD/THE LORD.!!???


Friday, November 8, 2013

CHINA SHOULD LEND AN EAR TO INDIANS INSTEAD OF AMERICANS

Yesterday (07/10/2013), The Hindu newspaper  reproduced  Thomas L Friedman’s OP-ED column originally published by New York Times News Service. The column titled ‘Too Big To Breathe’ is about the alarmingly  high level of  pollution of the atmospheric air and water in China.

Why has Thomas L Friedman written about China’s acute pollution
problems? Is he really concerned about the health of  Chinese people.?  While reading the column, one can spot the business interests beneath the concerns, which are only skin-deep. Friedman is a proponent of Globalization 3.0 (version 3). Pollution is a real problem in China, judging from the various news reports about the same, but the American(‘s) interest is to sell to China ‘clean  & green’ technologies.

China’s development path has taken a turn for the worst. The material ambition of the Chinese  people had been kindled and therein lies the danger. How to satiate this material hunger? Without affecting the environment !!!?? China is doomed unless it corrects its course, and make its  people  understand the value of a simple and peaceable living.

India has a lot to learn from this negative experience of  China. Real Indian Values are being replaced  by Material Values. Material ambitions of ALL can never be satisfied. Imagine trying to provide concrete houses and a car for  30 crore households . (Total Population  120 crore / 4 members per household ).The strain on the resources and environment will be too much that it will collapse. Therefore   the Govt has to encourage simple living by its citizens. Many of our existing Karmas will thus become redundant.

China produces all those cheap goods sold at the Wal Marts of US. If the US sincerely want to help the ordinary citizens of China, it should stop buying all those cheap goods. But the Americans can’t survive without cheap Chinese products. China is providing these goods on credit. When viewed from this perspective, the Chinese are real fools, putting in all hard work and at the same time polluting their commons  to maintain the standard of living of the American people. And China is not likely to get back its principal amount from US intact.

All these facts should make the Indians long for their own Karma Theory (karma-yoga). We Indians should not allow   politicians and businessmen to substitute our ancient and time-tested spiritual values, with the worn-out material values of the rest of the world.

Thomas L Friedman’s  article is  fully copied here. Strangely it is missing from The Hindu electronic Index, so I have copied it from the New York Times  site. Interestingly there is a media blitzkrieg  about China's pollution woes , and it can be traced to print and blogpages  associated with the New York Times.  All the links are provided here at the end. It seems there is a concerted attempt by US
companies to influence the Chinese people and Communist Party Officials and bureaucrats. Trade and money are the only  matters of concern  to the Americans.

OP-ED COLUMNIST
Too Big to Breathe?
Published: November 5, 2013 
SHANGHAI — I arrived here on Oct. 19th and was greeted with this news: A combination of cold weather, lack of wind, coal-powered heating and farmers burning off post-harvest debris had created a perfect storm of pollution in the northeastern industrial city of Harbin, home to 10 million people. It was so bad that bus drivers were getting lost because the smog-enveloped roads would only permit them to see a few yards ahead. Harbin’s official website reportedly warned that “cars with headlights turned on were moving no faster than pedestrians and honking frequently as drivers struggled to see traffic lights meters away.”

The NASA Earth Observatory declared that some Harbin neighborhoods “experienced concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as high as 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter. For comparison, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s air quality standards say PM2.5 should remain below 35 micrograms per cubic meter.” This means that Harbin would need a 97 percent reduction in pollution in order to reach the maximum level our government would recommend. NASA said Harbin hospitals reported “a 30 percent increase in admissions related to respiratory problems, and several Harbin pharmacies were sold out of pollution face masks.” The American jazz singer Patti Austin canceled a concert in smoggy Beijing because of “a severe asthma attack in combination with respiratory infection,” according to the event’s website.

It was no wonder that at a gathering of environmental activists in Shanghai I attended, organized by the Joint U.S.-China Collaboration on Clean Energy, or Juccce, the conversation was dominated by moms and dads talking about where in China to live, when to send their kids outdoors and what food and water to trust. While swapping notes on China’s latest “airpocalypse” a few days later, Hal Harvey, the American chief executive of Energy Innovation, who is working with China’s government to try to get its air quality back under control, asked a powerful question: “What if China meets every criteria of economic success except one: You can’t live there.”

Indeed, what good is it having all those sparkling new buildings if you’re trapped inside them? What good is it if China’s rapid growth has enabled four million people in Beijing to own cars, but the traffic never moves? What good is it if China’s per capita incomes have risen to a level affording tens of millions of once-poor peasants diets rich in milk and meat, but they can’t trust the labels? What good is all that rising G.D.P., if there is no clean air to breathe?

China has built amazing hardware in 30 years — modern cities, roads, airports, ports and telecoms — bringing more people out of poverty faster than any country in the history of the world. The Chinese have much to be proud of. Every healthy economy, though, depends on a healthy environment. China will stall if President Xi Jinping and his government do not now build the software — the institutionalized laws, courts and norms — that can ensure that all this growth will not be undermined by an epidemic of despoiled land and dirty air. 

That is easier said than done. China is a one-party system with multiple, competing interests inside. More enlightened party leaders in Beijing may declare, “We have to clean this up,” but they still have to get the local bosses — whose bonuses depend largely on generating economic growth — “to assert environmental interests at least as strongly as economic interests,” said Harvey. That requires assigning real value, and giving real institutional power and weight, to those in the system who believe that it is just as important to protect the commons — air, water, land, food safety — as it is to grow the commons, that it is just as important to have decent ingredients in the pie as it is to grow the pie. “At the end of the day,” said Harvey, “if the pie’s not edible, it doesn’t matter how big it is.” 

  
(We can thank our lucky stars that foresighted Americans, starting around 1970, built the institutions to protect our air and water. Next time you hear someone beat up on the E.P.A., send them to Harbin for a week.)


Peggy Liu, the founder of Juccce, is working with Chinese consumers, producers and bureaucrats to define and implement a more sustainable “Chinese dream” that must be different from the American dream of a house, a car, a yard and a throwaway economy for all. I think building the institutional support for a sustainable Chinese dream is the most important thing President Xi can do.
“China doesn’t have to have rivers that run bright red with industrial waste, or our lakes and beaches smothered by thick, green algae, or 18,000 dead virused pigs floating down the Huangpu River,” Liu recently wrote. “We shouldn’t have to check our air quality index app on our phone every day to determine whether we should let our children outside to play. There shouldn’t be any more Chinese children who, when they go abroad for the first time, ask: ‘Mommy, why is the sky so blue?’... China can be better than this. China needs to carve our own unique way to a thriving life and stable community — a path that is a sustainable path. If we don’t do this soon, we will end up with a China Nightmare. And there’s no escaping that a China Nightmare is a global nightmare.”


A version of this op-ed appears in print on November 6, 2013, on page A29 of the New York edition with the headline: Too Big To Breathe?. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/opinion/friedman-too-big-to-breathe.html?_r=0

Other links to reports about China’s pollution problems which appeared  within the past one week  are provided here